各快递公司虽然业务量在上升，收入在上升，但是除顺丰外，其他快递公司的毛利率同比均在下降
编辑：卢祥勇
设计：王珏菲
双十一“买买买”过后，另一场战争才刚刚打响。截至今天，双十一订单仍有部分在路上。在买家拆包裹的狂欢背后，是快递物流行业面对工作量激增的烦恼。
尽管工作量越来越大，但当前的快递行业，没人敢真正涨价。前有激烈的同质化竞争，用户更换快递公司的成本极低，后有京东等新玩家虎视眈眈，在营收压力下，快递公司并不敢贸然对消费者涨价。
1，你付的快递费，并不全部归快递公司
加盟模式下（韵达、申通、圆通、中通），一单快递从收件到派件，总共经过“三道关”：揽件加盟商、总部干线、派件加盟商。三道关口之间没有隶属关系，每单快递从上一环节到下一环节都需要付费。
加盟制快递的结算流程（以圆通为例）：
你付的快递费中，快递公司总部只能从中收取一部分归自己所有，其他都是加盟商瓜分。
从上图可以看出，快递公司总部只收到了三项费用，其中一项还是代收。那快递公司最终毛利率有多高？
2，一单快递的成本构成
根据圆通2017年年报，其营业成本各项占比如下图。从图中可以看出，各项成本中最高的是运输成本，其次是网点中转费、中心操作成本。
具体到每一单快递，2017年圆通平均每单收入为3.68元，单票快递产品成本3.29元，单票毛利0.39元，相比2016年的0.47元下降了近20%。
3，快递公司在不断拉低快递费的下限
中国消费者享受着世界上性价比最高的快递服务。2016年，国家邮政局局长马军胜在介绍快递业发展情况是表示，十年以前,中国一件快递要30块钱,十年过去了,中国一件快递件12.8元钱,相当于世界平均水平的五分之一。
国家邮政局的统计数显示，2008年快递平均单价约27元，到2018年10月，平均单价已降至11.4元。
4，通达系单票收入均呈下降趋势
中国民营快递利润低，低到什么程度？2017年，韵达和中通的单票平均收入均不到2元。除申通外，其余几家快递公司在2016年或2017年均出现了单票收入下降的情况。
其中，韵达的单票收入最低，但其业务量大。今年9月份，韵达日均业务量突破2000万件大关，成为继中通之后第二家日均业务量跨过2000万门槛的快递企业。
各快递公司虽然业务量在上升，收入在上升，但是除顺丰外，其他快递公司的毛利率同比均在下降。
5，小快递公司几乎没有生存空间
随着行业竞争的加剧，快递品牌集中度持续提升。截至今年上半年，行业CR8（前8大企业的市场份额总和）提升至81.5%，而2017年底，该值为78.7%。新进入者及小型快递企业越来越难以在竞争中生存。
6，京东入局，竞争更激烈了
今年10月，京东京东物流正式进入个人快递市场。京东快递的运费高于“通达系”，却低于顺丰，竞争呈现白热化。
一件1kg的物品，从每日经济新闻北京新闻中心寄到上海新闻中心，京东快递预估价为18元，次日20点前到。顺丰预估价为23元起，次日18点前到。
从多个硬性指标看，京东快递并不足以对顺丰构成太大威胁，但短期来看，价格更低的京东快递恐怕还是要抢走不少用户。
在快递行业，有一句话叫“不涨价等死，涨价找死”。国内快递价格普遍偏低是业内的共识，伴随着这些矛盾，中国快递业让人羡慕的高性价比能走多远呢？
本文数据来源：国家邮政局、广发证券研报、圆通招股书以及各公司财报
文章评论
看完了，您就不会再说快递费贵了。用图说话，明明白白，清楚知道快递费都被谁分了。
@罗叫兽 对做菜鸟驿站，了解快递成本构成很好
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